Modern Care Journal
Volume:8 Issue: 2, Jun 2011

Nitric Oxide (NO) is one of the most important neurotransmitters in the brain which has a key role in brain edema and ischemia pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to determine the serum NO concentration in traumatic brain injury and its relation with Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) and consciousness level. In this analytic-descriptive study, patients with traumatic brain injury who had a mass volume in CT scan less than 25mm were assessed. GCS was measured during the study (14 days) and serum NO level was measured on days 0, 7 and 14 using Griess reagent method. Data were analyzed by one-way variance analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient (P < 0.05). Results showed that there was no significant difference in serum NO concentration in different GCS scores (GCS ≤ 7:7.61 ± 0.51, GCS ═ 8: 9.65 ± 1.52, GCS ≥ 9:8.5 ± 0.95 μ mol/lit). Also, serum NO level had no significant correlation with GCS score. It seems that serum NO concentration has no correlation with GCS score in traumatic brain injury. More studies on local brain NO changes in brain and CSF are needed.

The prevalence of obesity and overweight in children and adolescence has increased in communities in recent decades. Childhood obesity is likely associated with adulthood obesity and increases related diseases. By determining the prevalence, screening and appropriate intervention and consequently reduction of short and long term complications is expectable. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 11 to 15 years old mid-school students in Birjand. This descriptive-analytic and cross sectional study was performed in 2005 in Birjand. We examined 2105 students (1067 boys and 1038 girls), 11-15 years old. Subjects were selected via a step wise random sampling from four districts of Birjand. Heights and weights and BMI were measured by two trained medical students via standard methods. Persons with BMI of 85 to 95 percentile were assumed as overweight and those with more than 95 as obese according to CDC standards. Other demographic information was gained through interviews and questionnaires. Then, information was encoded and data were analyzed by SPSS (11.5) at α<0.05 The overall prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 5.2 % (6.5% girls, 3.9% boys) and 2.1% (1.5% girls, 2.8% boys), respectively. Overweight and obesity were significantly related to parents’ education levels, mother’s job numbers of children. They were most prevalent in students with parents of higher education levels, employed mothers, and fewer numbers of children in the family. Lifestyle plays an important role in obesity. According to this study, Obesity prevalence is more in families of fewer children, higher educated parents and employed mothers. It is recommended to make cautious high socioeconomic families and in the proceeding studies investigate obesity associated factors more precisely.

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. The incidence is 20 new cases per 100000 Iranian women in year. It seems that early breast cancer detection can be associated with better treatment. The aim of this study is to find the factors that influence Breast self examination practice with using health belief model. This descriptive study was carried out cross-sectionally on 246 women in Zabol who referred to health care centers in 2009.we used a questionnaire according to health belief model to get information. Descriptive statistic, t test, χ2 and One Way ANOVA was used to analysis the data. P value was set at <0.05 Knowledge and practice of breast self examination of participants was rather low. They were at a medium level of perception on six health belief model subscales. There were significant disparities on health belief subscale between participants who had knowledge and performed breast self examination and the participants who did not. There was significant correlation between positive family history of breast cancer and performing breast self examination. Good information and correct perception of involvement vulnerability and complications in addition to benefits and obstacles can lead to adequate health behavior. So it seems necessary to devise and implement various educational and interventional programs in Health Centers to promote public awareness regarding preventive behaviors and particularly self examination.

Anger is a human complicated excitement and a common reaction towards disappointment and misbehavior. Without the control of anger, it makes individual problems, crime, offence and aggression to others’ rights. Also, it causes mental and physical problems like gastric ulcer, migraine headache, and depression. The purpose of this research is to Study the Control of anger in nursing personnel of Emam Reza hospital. In this analytical and descriptive study, all employed nursing personnel in Emam Reza hospital were statistically selected and evaluated by using the standard questionnaire of anger control. Data were statistically analyzed with SPSS software, independent t test, one way variance analysis and Tukey test (a =0.05). In this study, there were no meaningful differences in the average score of anger between men and women. But there was a significant difference in the score average of anger in personal relationships and total score of anger between two groups with occupational histories less than 5 years and 10-20 years. Difference in the kind of anger in personal relationships was statistically meaningful between 20-30years old and 31-40 year s old groups (P=0.003) and also between 20-30 years old with 41years old groups and more (P=0.04). The ability to control the anger in individual relationships is different in persons at different ages. Some problems like occupation, marriage and lack of sufficient equipment are effective on the amount of anger. Since personnel with high ages and high occupation records, are more able to control their anger, and according to these results, it is recommended to organize educational workshops about the anger control for younger personnel in future.

Teaching in schools is known as a work hazard causing voice disorders and is also associated with job satisfaction and performance. The object of this study is to investigate the knowledge and prophylaxis behaviors and the rate of disphonia in elementary school teachers of Yazd. This descriptive- analytic study was conducted on 280 teachers (140 men, 140 women) that were chosen from 2 education areas of Yazd city, Iran by simple sampling method. The data were collected by a questionnaire which its validity and reliability were established. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software and some tests, like Analyze Variance, t- test (P˂0.01). The prevalence of this disease was 55.4%among the teachers and the most common form was stiffness of larynx. The knowledge of teachers was in average. There was a significant correlation between education levels of samples and their knowledge. The knowledge of teachers with bachelor degree or higher than it, was more than others (P<0.02). It was seen a significant correlation was observed between teaching hours and sex (P<0.04) and the knowledge of women in preventive measures was more than men. The results showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between the knowledge and preventive behaviors of participants (P<0.01) and those with higher scores of knowledge showed better preventive behaviors than others. High prevalence of this problem in teachers of elementary schools of Yazd city Iran shows that preventive behaviors in regard to disphonia is too poor. It is recommended to increase the awareness and performance of teachers through teaching sessions by experts to prevent and control the disorder.

Nosocomial infections especially in ICUs are common infections and large numbers of patients suffer from these problems in these wards, annually. Therefore, this study has been done to assess nosocomial infections in intensive care unit of Ahvaz Arya hospital. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 772 ICU patients in Ahvaz Arya hospital from 2008 to 2009. Data collected based on National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (NNIS). Patients regularly controlled clinically and if infection is suspected based on clinical symptoms and criteria mentioned in NNIS, the necessary tests and cultures were performed. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software and chi-square test in significance level of P-value <0.05. 10% of hospitalized patients in ICU, had symptoms of nosocomial infections and the highest rate was in patients over 60 years. Based on type of infection, 41% was urinary tract infection, 28% was respiratory infection, 20.5% reported surgical site infection and 10.5% related to blood infection (sepsis). To reduce hospital infections, it is recommended early diagnosis of infections, continuous assessment of existing microorganisms and their sensitivity and resistance against drugs, establish especial interventions for prevention the spread of hospital infections and health education.